五、失眠

　　Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using__1__ therapies, even while there are a few treatments that do work. Millions of Americans __2__awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or __3__an pill, hoping it will make them sleepy.__4__ experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea, and the causes of chronic insomnia remain__5__.

　　Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping, and about 10 percent have__6__ of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. But __7__the complaints, scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia, its health consequences and how best to treat it, a panel of specialists __8__together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. The panel called__9__a broad range of research into insomnia, __10__that if scientists understood its __11__causes, they could develop better treatments.

　　Most, but not all, insomnia is thought to __12__other health problems, from arthritis and depression to cardiovascular disease. The question often is whether the insomnia came first or was a result of the other diseases and how trouble sleeping in__13__complicates those other problems. Other diseases __14__, the risk of insomnia seems to increase with age and to be more __15__among women, especially after their 50s. Smoking, caffeine and numerous __16__drugs also affect sleep.

　　The NIH is spending about $200 million this year on sleep-related research, some__17__to specific disorders and others __18__the underlying scientific laws that control the nervous system of sleep. The agency was__19__the panel’s review before deciding what additional work should be__20__ at insomnia.

　　1. [A] unproven [B] unknown [C] improper [D] imperative

　　2. [A] fall [B] lie [C] seem [D] become

　　3. [A] prescribe [B] pop [C] abuse [D] experiment

　　4. [A] And [B] Though [C] Thus [D] But

　　5. [A] peculiar [B] anonymous [C] mysterious [D] unexpected

　　6. [A] signals [B] symptoms [C] signs [D] symbols

　　7. [A] in addition to[B] except for [C] owing to [D] for all

　　8. [A] pulled [B] collected [C] brought [D] drawn

　　9. [A] on [B] for [C] up [D] in

　　10. [A] noting [B] notifying [C] nosing [D] nominating

　　11. [A] undertaking[B] underlining [C] underlying [D] undermining

　　12. [A] cause [B] accompany [C] follow [D] attend

　　13. [A] short [B] case [C] essence [D] turn

　　14. [A] inside [B] outside [C] aside [D] besides

　　15. [A] common [B] popular [C] frequent [D] regular

　　16. [A] conscription[B] description [C] subscription[D] prescription

　　17. [A] aimed [B] targeted [C] designated [D] designed

　　18. [A] examining [B] inspecting [C] verifying [D] assessing

　　19. [A] conducting [B] awaiting [C] receiving [D] considering

　　20. [A] assigned [B] charged [C] directed [D] attended

　　答案

　　1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.A

　　11.C 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C

　　總體分析

　　本文主要介紹了對(duì)失眠的研究工作。文章第一段指出慢性失眠是一個(gè)重要的公共健康問題，但其致病原因仍是個(gè)迷。第二段介紹了(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所一個(gè)專家小組的結(jié)論，該小組呼吁對(duì)失眠進(jìn)行廣泛的研究。第三段討論了失眠與其他因素，如疾病、年齡、藥物等的關(guān)系。第四段介紹了(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所對(duì)失眠正在進(jìn)行的研究情況。

　　全文翻譯

　　慢性失眠是一個(gè)主要的公共健康問題。而且，太多人正使用未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的治療方法，盡管有些方法確實(shí)是有效的 。上百萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人夜里睡不著覺，躺著數(shù)羔羊、喝杯烈酒或吞個(gè)藥片，希望這會(huì)使他們產(chǎn)生困意。然而，專家們一致認(rèn)為，自作主張亂吃藥并不是解決失眠的好方法，導(dǎo)致慢性失眠的原因目前還是一個(gè)謎。

　　幾乎有1/3的成年人存在睡眠障礙，而且大約10%的人有白天功能減退的癥狀，這些癥狀表明他們確實(shí)患上了失眠癥。 但是，一個(gè)由(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所召集的專家小組在周三得出這樣的結(jié)論：盡管(社會(huì)上關(guān)于長(zhǎng)期失眠的)抱怨很多，但科學(xué)家們對(duì)長(zhǎng)期失眠的原因，它對(duì)健康的影響以及如何有效地治療都知之甚少。該專家小組呼吁對(duì)失眠癥進(jìn)行廣泛研究，指出如果科學(xué)家們了解了失眠的潛在原因，他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更好的治療方法。

　　很多，但不是所有的失眠癥被認(rèn)為伴隨著其他健康問題產(chǎn)生，從關(guān)節(jié)炎、抑郁到心血管疾病。而問題通常是不知道是先產(chǎn)生失眠，還是失眠是其他疾病的結(jié)果，以及失眠如何又使其他問題變得更加復(fù)雜。撇開其他疾病不說(shuō)，失眠的可能性隨著年齡的增加而增加，而且在婦女中更加普遍，尤其是50歲以后。吸煙、咖啡因及眾多的處方藥也影響睡眠。

　　(美)全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所今年要花大約2000億美元用于睡眠的相關(guān)研究，其中一些以特定的(睡眠)紊亂為目標(biāo)，另外一些觀察控制睡眠神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的潛在科學(xué)規(guī)律。該機(jī)構(gòu)正等待專家小組的評(píng)論以決定對(duì)失眠進(jìn)行的下一步研究工作。