Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　[A] Eye fixactions are brief

　　[B] Too much eye contact is instinetively felt to be rude

　　[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

　　[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

　　[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

　　[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

　　[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.

　　In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:

　　41. ________________

　　We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

　　42.________

　　Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

　　43.________

　　With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.

　　44.________

　　When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

　　45.________

　　In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

　　41.答案：C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

　　解析：本段第三句說了，“can be a complimentary significant of paying attention”，此外本段最后一句也說：眼神接觸和微笑能signal availability and confidence發(fā)送可用性和自信的信號。都說明眼神接觸是個友善的社交信號。 因此選C。

　　42.答案：E

　　解析：本段第一句就出現(xiàn)了hormone 荷爾蒙，此外，本段中出現(xiàn)的oxytocin催產(chǎn)素，hign-functioning高官能，autistic spectrum symptoms自閉癥譜系癥狀等詞都說明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中還有explore探索，brain scanning 腦部掃描。所以選E

　　43. 答案：G

　　解析：本段第一句就說了eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages，depending on the situation眼神接觸根據(jù)不同情況會發(fā)出不同的訊息。下一句主干說在不利環(huán)境中，會與dominance支配or intimidation恫嚇有關(guān)聯(lián)。因此G為正確答案。

　　44.答案：A

　　解析 ：本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地說到了These pauses typically occur at about three per second，通常每秒三次，充分說明很快，所以選A。

　　45. 答案：D

　　解析：第一句話中就有personality。在引用中轉(zhuǎn)折之后，but their brain reactions also differ人們腦部反應(yīng)不同，最后一句話更加明確說到高負(fù)能量的人更覺得被人直視令人不舒服。因此選D。

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