時(shí)態(tài)

　　1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)

　　When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately

　　典型例題

　　(1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

　　A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeed

　　C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.

　　答案B. 在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語(yǔ)從句中一般不用將來(lái)時(shí)。本題有He said，故為過(guò)去式。主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，故選B. 此處用一般過(guò)去式代替了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

　　2.表示 "意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。

　　常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

　　I'm leaving tomorrow.

　　Are you staying here till next week?

　　2010成考：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　1.感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等

　　+ do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性;

　　+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性

　　2. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：

　　1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。

　　2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。

　　3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。

　　舉例：

　　The test finished, we began our holiday.

　　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

　　考試結(jié)束了，我們開(kāi)始放假。

　　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

　　如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。

　　This done, we went home.

　　工作完成后，我們才回家。

　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

　　他夾著本厚書(shū)，走出了圖書(shū)館

　　該結(jié)構(gòu)否定式：在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加直接Not (考的這可是內(nèi)部教材上的原題!)

　　2009年專(zhuān)升本考試原題

　　20. ________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.

　　A. Having not been B. Being not

　　C. Not having D. Having not